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The history of Morocco spans over twelve centuries, without taking classical antiquity into consideration. Archaeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited by hominids at least 400,000 years ago.〔 The recorded history of Morocco begins with the Phoenician colonization of the Moroccan coast between the 8th and 6th centuries BC,〔 although the area was inhabited by indigenous Berbers for some two thousand years before that. In the 5th century BC, the city-state of Carthage extended its hegemony over the coastal areas.〔Pennell 2003, pp.7-9〕 They remained there until the late 3rd century BC,〔Pennell 2003, pp.9-11〕 while the hinterland was ruled by indigenous monarchs.〔 Indigenous Berber monarchs ruled the territory from the 3rd century BC until 40 BC, when it was annexed to the Roman Empire. In the mid-5th century AD, it was overrun by Vandals, before being recovered by the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century. The region was conquered by the Muslims in the early 8th century AD, but broke away from the Umayyad Caliphate after the Berber Revolt of 740. Half a century later, the Moroccan state was established by the Idrisid dynasty.〔"tradition (...) reaches back to the origins of the modern Moroccan state in the ninth century Idrisid dynasty which founded the venerable city of. Fes", G Joffe, ''Morocco: Monarchy, legitimacy and succession'', in : Third World Quarterly, 1988〕〔"The Idrisids, the founder dynasty of Fas and, ideally at least, of the modern Moroccan state (...)", ''Moroccan dynastic shurfa’‐hood in two historical contexts: idrisid cult and ‘Alawid power'' in : The Journal of North African Studies Volume 6, Issue 2, 2001 ()〕 Under the Almoravid and the Almohad dynasties, Morocco dominated the Maghreb and Muslim Spain. The Saadi dynasty ruled the country from 1549 to 1659, followed by the Alaouites from 1667 onwards, who have since been the ruling dynasty of Morocco.〔"The CBS News Almanac", Hammond Almanac Inc., 1976, p.783: "''The Alaouite dynasty (Filali) has ruled Morocco since the 17th century''"〕〔Hans Groth & Alfonso Sousa-Poza, "Population Dynamics in Muslim Countries: Assembling the Jigsaw", Springer, 2012 (ISBN 9783642278815). p.229: "''The Alaouite dynasty has ruled Morocco since the days of Mulai ar-Rashid (1664–1672)''"〕〔Joseph L. Derdzinski, "Internal Security Services in Liberalizing States: Transitions, Turmoil, and (In)Security", Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2013 (ISBN 9781409499015). p.47: "''Hassan in 1961, after the death of his father Mohammed V, continued the succession of Alaouite rule in Morocco since the seventeenth century''"〕 In 1912, after the First Moroccan Crisis and the Agadir Crisis, the Treaty of Fez was signed, dividing Morocco into French and Spanish protectorates. In 1956, after 44 years of French rule, Morocco regained independence from France, and shortly afterward regained most of the territories under Spanish control. ==Prehistoric Morocco== Archaeological excavations have demonstrated the presence of hominids in Morocco that were ancestral to ''Homo sapiens'', as well as the presence of early human species. The fossilized bones of a 400,000-year-old early human ancestor were discovered in Salé in 1971. The bones of several very early ''Homo sapiens'' were discovered at Jebel Irhoud in 1991, that were found to be at least 160,000 years old. In 2007, small perforated seashell beads were discovered in Taforalt that are 82,000 years old, making them the earliest known evidence of personal adornment found anywhere in the world. In Mesolithic times, between 20,000 and 5000 years ago, the geography of Morocco resembled a savanna more than the present arid landscape.〔 1984 D. Lubell. (Paleoenvironments and Epi Paleolithic economies in the Maghreb (ca. 20,000 to 5000 B.P.) ). In, J.D. Clark & S.A. Brandt (eds.), ''From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa''. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 41-56.〕 While little is known of settlements in Morocco during that period, excavations elsewhere in the Maghreb region have suggested an abundance of game and forests that would have been hospitable to Mesolithic hunters and gatherers, such as those of the Capsian culture.〔D. Rubella, ''Environmentalism and Pi Paleolithic economies in the Maghreb (c. 20,000 to 5000 B.P.)'', in, J.D. Clark & S.A. Brandt (eds.), ''From Hunters to Farmers: The of Food Production in Africa'', Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 41–56〕 In the Neolithic period, which followed the Mesolithic, the savanna was occupied by hunters and herders. The culture of these Neolithic hunters and herders flourished until the region began to desiccate after 5000 BC as a result of climatic changes. The coastal regions of present-day Morocco in the early Neolithic shared in the Cardium Pottery culture that was common to the entire Mediterranean region. Archaeological excavations have suggested that the domestication of cattle and the cultivation of crops both occurred in the region during that period. In the Chalcolithic period, or the copper age, the Beaker culture reached the north coast of Morocco. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Morocco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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